Structural unit · Timbers in Minoan and Mycenaean Architecture (TiMMA) · timma

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513 items

Facets

Phase
- Late Helladic II A (1500-1450) (1)
- Late Helladic II B (1450-1400) (1)
- Late Helladic III A1 (1400-1350) (5)
- Late Helladic III A2 (1350-1300) (8)
- Late Helladic III B1 (1300-1250) (35)
- Late Helladic III B2 (1250-1200) (74)
- Late Minoan I A (1600-1500) (2)
- Late Minoan I B (1500-1450) (76)
- Late Minoan IB (1)
- Late Minoan III A1 (1400-1350) (1)
- Late Minoan III A2 (1350-1300) (18)
- Middle Minoan I B (1900-1800) (2)
- Middle Minoan III (1700-1600) (1)
- New Palace Period (1700-1450) (25)
- Old Palace Period (1900-1700) (122)
Imprint of wood on mortar or ash
- Horizontal (5)
- Transversal (1)
- Vertical (18)
Base of timber column
- Without mortise (8)
Ashlar masonry
- Horizontal cutting (1)
- Levelling (3)
- Mortises (8)
Beams
- Presence of main beams (13)
- Presence of secondary beams (4)
- Presence of third beams (1)
Presence of dorosis
- No (1)
- Yes (8)
Final pavement
- Others (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (2)
- Planks (1)
- Stone slabs (1)
Type of destruction
- Earthquake (68)
- Fire (295)
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (5)
- Volcanic eruption (68)
Final roof covering
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (1)
Type of staircase
- L- (6)
- Other (to be specified in 'General description' cell) (5)
- Straight (8)
- U- (4)
Existence of landing
- No (1)
- Unknown (2)
- Yes (12)
Type of ceiling of the flights / landing
- Branches and reeds (1)
- Planks (1)
Presence of solid built stone or mudbrick base under the first steps
- No (1)
- Unknown (3)
- Yes (8)
Vertical timber posts bearing the load bearing structure of the stairs or the landing
- No (4)
- Unknown (3)
Presence of vertical timber reinforcements of the string wall
- No (2)
- Unknown (1)
- Yes (3)
Presence of stone bases for the vertical timbers
- No (5)
- Unknown (14)
- Yes (11)
Type of infill of the vertical timber pair (transversally)
- Same as masonry (1)
Presence of timber piers at the end of the string wall
- Yes (2)
Presence of stone piers at the end of the string wall
- No (1)
- Yes (6)
Plaster or cladding on the wall
- None (11)
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (4)
- Plaster (52)
- Unknown (20)
Presence of parapet along the staircase
- No (1)
- Unknown (1)
Is the pier part of a colonnade?
- No (20)
- Unknown (1)
- Yes (3)
Number of vertical timber pairs
- 1 (4)
- 1 ? (1)
- 18 (1)
- 2 (8)
- 3 (1)
- 3 vertical beam slots were identified but seventeen such beams would have been required (1)
- 4 (4)
- 4 includings the pairs at both ends of the wall (1)
- 4 vertical timbers are preserved (1)
- 45 (1)
- 5 (1)
- 6 (2)
- 9 (1)
- Five vertical timbers were traced and three horizontal timber pairs (1)
- It is preserved one vertical chase in the wall and the south-eastern corner pier of the building inside the wall (1)
- It is preserved one vertical cuvity in the wall and the corner pier of the building inside the wall (1)
- No pair is preserved (1)
- No pairs: the vertical timbers are not parallel on each side of the wall (1)
- Only the chase at the SE side of the wall is preserved (1)
- Six vertical grooves and two horizontals indicate the position of the tie beams (1)
Presence of transversal horizontal timber on the stone base
- No (14)
- Unknown (28)
- Yes (4)
Presence of other transversal horizontal timber along the height of the wall
- No (2)
- There is the imprint of the upper transversal timber on the south jamb (1)
- Unknown (14)
- Yes (7)
Distance of transversal horizontal timber along the height of the wall from the ground
- Unknown (10)
- Yes (3)
Presence of 1st longitudinal horizontal timber (level of lintels)
- An horizontal timber is well preserved along nearly the entire length of the west wall (1)
- No (1)
- Varies (1)
Presence of second longitudinal horizontal timber (level of lintels of skylights)
- Unknown (7)
Type of infill of the timber pair (transversally)
- Loose material (11)
- Same as masonry (16)
Type of timber reinforcement
- Horizontal grid (longitudinal and transversal timbers) (8)
- Individual longitudinal horizontal elements (36)
- Individual transversal elements (1)
- Other (to be specified in the 'General Description' cell) (2)
Connection of longitudinal and transversal timbers
- Connection with (3)
- No connection (1)
- No connection (one over the other) (2)
- No connection with mortar layer in between (2)
Type of structural unit
- Colonnade with timber columns (15)
- Colonnade with timber columns and piers (5)
- Door frame (123)
- Flat roof (5)
- Floor (15)
- Free-standing column (42)
- Free-standing pier (5)
- Horizontal timber reinforcement system of masonry (54)
- Parapet (1)
- Partition wall with timber frame (8)
- Pier at the free end of the wall (17)
- Pier inside a wall (22)
- Pier-and-window partition (3)
- Polythyron, pier-and-door partition / cupboard partition (16)
- Staircases (27)
- Unknown structural unit (4)
- Vertical timber reinforcement system of masonry (42)
- Window frame (40)
List of related timber evidence
- Ashlar course with mortises / bedding (9)
- Ashlar wall with mortises / bedding (5)
- Charcoal or preserved wood (10)
- Chase in a wall (195)
- Hole (59)
- Imprint on mud-brick / clay / plaster / ash (82)
- Other (to be specified in the cell 'General description') (56)
- Socket-pivot hole of door (9)
- Stone base with mortises (32)
- Stone base without mortises (74)
- Threshold (29)
- Timber base (3)
- Use-wear traces of door or window leaf on floor (8)
- Window sill (5)
Steps and pavement of landing
- Mud-brick (5)
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (4)
- Planks (2)
- Plaster (9)
- Stone blocks (4)
- Stone slabs (3)
Type of masonry of the walls around the staircase
- Ashlar (4)
- Mud-brick (4)
- Mud-brick wall with ashlar base (1)
- Mud-brick wall with rubble masonry base (2)
- Rubble masonry (8)
Presence of diagonal timbers
- No (5)
- Yes (2)
Existence of a cupboard on the polythyron
- No (1)
- Unknown (4)
- Yes (1)
Type of bases
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (1)
- Stone (7)
- Timber (3)
- Unknown (1)
Shape of bases
- Irregular (unshaped) (5)
- T (2)
Type of infill between vertical timbers
- Mud-bricks (13)
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (2)
- Rubble masonry (5)
- Unknown (8)
Description of modifications or blocking of the polythyron at a later stage (if existing)
- Two of the three openings have been blocked with mudbrick walls (1)
Type of door (architectural)
- Entrance door (39)
- Interior door (63)
- Other exterior door (7)
- Staircase door (9)
Type of door (structural)
- 2d non load bearing timber frame (only for the bearing of the door leaf) (28)
- 3d load bearing timber frame (28)
Number of door leafs
- 1 (18)
- 2 (15)
- Unknown (17)
Type of door jamb bases
- Stone (28)
- Timber (38)
- Unknown (3)
Shape of the door jamb bases
- Irregular (unshaped) (6)
- Rectangular (23)
- T (1)
Presence of threshold
- No (22)
- Unknown (8)
- Yes (62)
Type of threshold (structural)
- Load bearing (9)
- Non load bearing (between the door jamb) (9)
Position of vertical timbers at each jamb pier of the timber frame of the door
- 0 (1)
- Along the depth of the wall (1)
- At each corner of the door jamb (1)
- At each corner of the jamb pier (2)
- At each corner of the SW jamb (1)
- At the center of the side of the jamb facing the opening (1)
- At the edges (1)
- At the edges of the pier (1)
- At the NW part of the jamb (1)
- At the two sides of the wall (1)
- Centrally located on the side of each jamb facing the door-opening (1)
- NE jamb: At each corner of its SW side/face SW jamb: At each corner of its NE side/face (1)
- Not preserved (1)
- NW jamb: At each corner of its SW side/face SE jamb: At each corner of the end of the mud-brick partition wall of Room XXIII (1)
- On the East (interior) face of the wall (1)
- On the NW side of the SE jamb pier (1)
- On the South part of the wall, towards Space III 15 (1)
- One at the southern corner of each jamb and one at intemediate position (1)
- Rectangular (1)
- SW jamb: Three vertical timbers, one on each corner and another between them. NE jamb: One vertical timber at the west corner of the pier. (1)
- The first is at the northern corner of the SW jamb pier. The second is at the western corner of the NE jamb pier. (1)
- The upper part of the door jamb was of timber based on the monolithic poros-stone part of the jamb (1)
- Unknown (1)
Plaster on the door
- On the jambs (cases with no 3d timber frame) (1)
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (1)
- Unknown (16)
Presence of plaster on the wall
- No (2)
- Unknown (17)
- Yes (50)
Type of window
- Door and window (entrance) (1)
- Exterior window (27)
- Interior window (10)
- Other exterior window (3)
Presence of transversal horizontal timbers at the sill level
- No (1)
- Unknown (1)
- Yes (4)
Number of transversal horizontal timbers at the sill level
- 2 (1)
Presence of longitudinal horizontal timbers at the sill level
- No (1)
- Unknown (2)
- Yes (3)
Number of longitudinal horizontal timbers at the sill level
- 2 (2)
Number of vertical timbers at each jamb pier of the timber frame of the window
- 1 (4)
- 1 ? (1)
- 2 (3)
Protective or closing device
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (1)
- Unknown (2)
Type of the sill
- Clay (3)
- Monolithic stone slab (1)
- Wooden boards (5)
Plaster on the window
- Only on the infill of the timber frame (2)
- Unknown (1)
Painting on the window
- Yes, an all surfaces (1)
Type of window (structural)
- 3d load bearing timber frame (5)
Position of horizontal timbers
- Not preserved (1)
Type of parapet (architectural)
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (1)
Shape of the timber element
- T (1)
Method of setting / fitting in/on the floor
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (1)
- The top surface of the stone slabs was in the same level at the floor surface inside the room (1)
Type of stone
- Other (to be specified in the 'General description' cell) (1)
Type of timber evidence
- Stone base with mortises / bedding (1)
- Stone base without mortises / bedding (1)
Position of the stone base
- On the floor (2)
Presence of foundation
- Unknown (1)